Digestive System Organs Quiz

Cardiovascular Endurance Test

To test how well my cardiovascular endurance has improved in the duration of the five week fitness plan i had done a km run test before the plan and after. The test was to run a km without stopping and after it was done to track my time and my heart rate. Here are the results for the pre plan test and after the five weeks of fitness:

Pre-Plan:
Time: 10 minutes 
Heart Rate: 195BPM

After Five Weeks:
Time: 10 minutes
Heart Rate: 180BPM

As you can see my time did not change but the change in my heart rate was fairly significant, i had improved vastly with my ability to be able to endure the run longer and even be able to push myself harder!

Animal Cell Ornament

Digestive System Video

By: Shimeran, Sahil, & Gagan

http://www.showme.com/sh/?h=R94beds

Biological Molecules Lab

Digestive System T-Shirt

This is my digestive system drawn onto a t-shirt. The following parts are included:

• esophagus
• pyloric sphincter
• cardiac sphincter
• stomach
• small intestine
• duodenum
• large intestine
• rectum
• anus
• liver 
• pancreas 
• gall bladder 

Protein Activity

Questions:


1. The covalent bonds between amino acids in the primary structure are called peptide bonds.
2. The secondary structure forms the alpha helix, this is caused by the negative and positives attracting causing them to form the alpha helix due to polar peptide bonds.
3. The third structure was created by repulsion and attraction. It was different due to the twenty different variables which can create different combinations.
4. The last structure was created by two combining amino acids, and that variable either repelled or attracted.
5. The answer is no because the R group determines the shape, and since their are twenty different R variables they either repel or attract.

First Structure

Second Structure

Third Structure

Fourth Struture

Fitness Friday: Disco Loco Motion

On Friday, we did Loco Motion in super fit, except this one was different! We ran in the gym with the lights off with the exception of a disco ball shooting colourful lights everywhere! It was really interesting and gave fitness a fun and groovy twist!

Ice Skating Field Trip

The Human Kinetics CO-OP class went ice skating at the Newton arena the past week. Although some were better skaters than others, it made for a great field trip as we could all work to help one another out. Even after i caught myself from falling many times, i went out and did my best to stay on my two skates! I enjoyed the field trip and if we were to ever go downtown the coop should definitely stop by Robson for a skating session.

Colon Cancer Surgery

#SBCancer Stapler & Electrocautery

#SBCancer Abdomen Inflated With Carbon Dioxide

While watching the Colon Cancer Surgery i was actually surprised by all the music in the background! and also how they used different techniques to repair and restore parts during the surgery. It was fascinating to see the stapler being used to separate the colon and how they used it as a sort of guide. The most fascinating part for me was how easily they were a\ble to pull the colon out, it seemed effortless! and how they inked the tutor to be able to locate it, its kind of a weird thought thinking they are basically tattooing the inside of you. I was able to label some parts along the way from what i recognized, which was an added benefit. After viewing all the aspects of the surgery such as the pictures, videos, and related notes i had learned many things. The most interesting thing to me was the port that pumped carbon dioxide into the abdomen to create space. Did you know the colon is apart of the large intestine and you cannot normally detect colon cancer through symptoms, its only when you receive a body scan? fascinating right!

Team inserting a port to pump CO2

Staples used to connect small bowel to the colon

What Is Important To Us?

To me the importance of learning is to gain knowledge. We gain knowledge through experience and skills or when we are being taught a lesson. The human kinetics co-op has taught me so much more about learning because i am able to engage in the lesson and enjoy it. I think it is important to be on top of every lesson and ask questions when i am unsure about the material, to feel confident, to have goals, working with the class was a whole, and being able to convey my curiosities and "what if's" into what i am learning. When i am learning i am working on on improving not just my knowledge level but myself as a person. What i learn in each subject whether it be biology or exercise science i think to myself how can i use what i learned today to teach me more about what i am learning in another subject. I begin to become curious about all aspects in a lesson and how i can make it fun while still gaining full knowledge. For example; what i learn in biology about respiration teaches me how to make my body stronger and in super fit i am able to experiment what i learned through fitness and activities. Therefore i am fully engaging in what I'm learning by using my curious side and having fun while doing it. This process makes me feel empowered and proud that i am able to push myself to my limit to test a theory and is teaching me a lot more about myself and what i am passionate about, and that is gaining knowledge in the most ways i can. 

Biology: In biology, my evidence of learning is proven by my engagement in blog posts which are always completed on time and are done to my best ability. I enjoy myself in biology because i know that my interest in what we learn will help me to push myself and really understand what the concept is and when i do not understand something i will ask multiple questions and go over previous notes until i know the material like the back of my hand. My best work would have to consist of my blog posts. i work very hard on them and i feel that most of my creativity is engaged in the posts. On my circulatory test i received a 30.5/37 and i was not very happy with my mark because i knew i could have done so much better. I was motivated to fix my mistakes because i wanted to know what i did wrong and gain the correct knowledge. So after receiving my test back i worked towards the correct answer and i was proud of myself for being able to do this because it proved that although the initial test mark was good, i knew i could do better and i did. Adding to that my quiz marks have been fairly high so i am proud of that. I am proud of the effort i put into learning and although i may get it wrong sometimes i always push myself to find the right answer and  confirm on that by taking in my classmates suggestions and the information given by the teacher. My learning goal is to gain as much knowledge that will help me to express my passion for sciences and that will give me the confidence to fully engage into my work so i can carry it on to post secondary and be able to still learn in a fun manner because of the love i have for the course. The mark i feel like i deserve for this term is an A suitably around 95%. I fee like i deserve this because of my work ethics and my test and quiz marks before and after my corrections and my blog posts that i have completed with great effort.

Exercise Science: In exercise science, my evidence of learning is presented by how i use what i learned in class to help me improve myself. In exercise science we learned a lot about the three metabolic energy systems; glycolysis, anaerobic, and aerobic. I have become very interested in the energy systems and have therefore continued to use them in everyday time. I continue to engage in the different aspects of exercise science and use what i learn to improve my learning ability. My VO2 Max is 40.5 according to my first beep test this year, and according to the graph i am average for a girl my age. My goal for exercise science is to use my knowledge about the body and use it to help me improve my cardiovascular endurance but mainly my beep test score. So far my knowledge has helped me too improve greatly in cardio and my beep tests as i see improving results. My personal goals and future goals involve me making my body stronger and fitter, and to do that i will be exercising regularly and tracking my progress. What i have learned about in exercise science such as how our muscles produce more CO2 when we work out therefore cause=ing us to take more breaths and how our arterioles widen to allow more blood to circulate so our heart can beat can become stronger are examples of how i will use this course in everyday life. Based upon my work habits, effort, snd participation i feel like the mark that is suitable for me based on my engagement in exercise science is 96%.

Super Fit: In super fit i have been much more motivated to really push myself than i have in previous years. I have learned to fully engage myself into the activities instead of worrying about others, and i feel independent and want to continue with my own goals instead of relying on others. A field trip we had gone to that i was really able to express myself was Woo Kim, since i do martial arts i really enjoyed being able to teach my friends the correct forms and really take charge and enjoy what i was doing. I have enjoyed every experience in super fit so far, from rock climbing to ice skating it has all been a blast. Even if i was not good at something i engaged in the activity and enjoyed it because for me this was a learning experience and with practice i would improve. Super fit teaches me too really take care of my body and how important fitness is. Fitness days differ all the time, i find that i push myself more when we do group activities such as the circuit, and i am less motivated during more cardio related activities although i still try to push myself because i want to improve. Based upon my effort and my one missed field trip, the spin class due to my sprained ankle, i would give myself a 93% which i think is a suitable percent because i am very hardworking and involved. 

Respiratory Lab

Introduction: External gas exchange is a process that takes place between the air and lungs. Oxygen travels into the blood from the air throughout the alveoli and carbon dioxide travels to the alveoli by first travelling from air and into the blood stream, this is possible by cellular respiration.

Part A: In the first part of the respiratory lab we were required to expose limewater to oxygen and carbon dioxide while residing in test tubes. Test tube A was aerated by oxygen and test tube C was aerated by carbon dioxide and to do so we had to breathe into a straw into the tube for a certain time. After the experiment we saw that test tube A had a few bubbles during but was particularly still afterwards and test tube C was cloudy and a greyish white colour. 

before

during

after

Part B: In the second part of the respiratory lab we were required to expose distilled water to oxygen and carbon dioxide while residing in beakers. Beaker C was aerated by oxygen and beaker D was aerated by carbon dioxide and do so we had to breathe into a straw for a certain time. After the experiment we saw that beaker C which was supposed to turn a green colour but because of our dysfunctional beaker it turned orange and beaker D turned a yellowish colour. Therefore the aerated distilled water was neutral whereas the one that was breathed into was a strong acid. 

 before

after

Part C: In the third and final part of the respiratory lab some students were required to track the amount of breaths taken in one minute and the breaths taken in thirty seconds into a paper back. Here are the results.

Breaths In One Minute:

28

25

18

Breaths In Thirty Seconds Into A Paper Bag:

10

14

18

The amount of breaths taken in thirty seconds should be higher because of the restriction of the paper bag, but on average the number was half the amount if the breaths taken in the minute.

Questions:

Part A.)

1. The colour change in the limewater when aerated by the carbon dioxide indicated that the carbon dioxide that we breathe out had reacted with the limewater to create a solid precipitate.

2. The purpose of the control test tube is to observe the differences being shown between test tube C and test tube A and to observe what had caused the limewater to change. It had shown what caused the change and in this experiment it was the breathing into the limewater.

Part B.)

3. The colour change after using the universal indicator presents that the carbon dioxide we breathe out is acidic and the oxygen that was aerated is neutral.

4. The purpose of the control beaker is to observe the differences being shown between beaker C and beaker D and to observe what had caused the distilled water to change and to further compare the two.

5. In use of oxygen and carbon dioxide to experiment upon distilled water the final result had looked to be the same, but upon using the universal indicator did you see the actual results. Beaker C which was aerated by oxygen had supposed to turn a green colour and that indicated it was neutral, and beaker D which was exposed to carbon dioxide turned a yellow colour that indicated it was acidic. 

7. Our blood cannot become acidic because of the HHB in our blood, HHB are hydrogen with hemoglobin molecules that do not become acidic. 

8. The breathing rate at thirty seconds increased because of breathing into the paper bag indicating limited oxygen being breathed in and caused the body to react.

Halloween Skull Scare

On Halloween we did an in class assignment requiring us to carve and label a skull onto a pumpkin! 
Skull Bones: Occipital, parietal, frontal, temporal, sphenoid.
Facial Bones: Nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible.

How To Relocate A Dislocated Shoulder

But First; What is a Dislocated Shoulder?
A dislocated shoulder has an interestingly cool ring to it, but it's actually hell. In this injury, a fall or blow causes the top of your arm bone to pop out of the shoulder socket. Unlike a lot of joints in your body, the shoulder is incredibly mobile. You can twist and move your upper arm in almost any direction. But there's a price for this ease of movement. The shoulder joint is inherently unstable, prone to slipping out of place. In more severe cases of dislocated shoulder, the tissue and nerves around the shoulder joint get damaged. If you keep dislocating your shoulder, you could wind up with chronic instability and weakness. I chose this topic because i have always seen people relocate shoulders in movies and other areas, and i wanted to learn how to do it just so i could be able to help someone who had a dislocated shoulder. It taught me way more than i needed to know and it was a great learning experience. 

                         How To Relocate A Dislocated Shoulder

Fitness Friday Round Two

For fitness testing this time around I did the community run. Although we made our own route, the run was intense! For a total time the run was 26 minutes and by the end I found myself to be in the fourth zone. Upon returning i did more testing on other areas of fitness.

Sit & Reach: 5

Plank: 2 minutes 10 seconds

Push-Ups: 9

Sahil the Skeleton

Missing Bones: Phalanges, cranium, facial bones, tarsal, carpal bone, metacarpal bone, and pectoral girdle. 

Vital Capacity Lab

Introduction: the measurement of the maximum amount of air a person can breath out after a maximum inhalation. The measurement is equal to the total of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume.

Definitions:

Tidal Volume: regular breaths.

Vital Capacity: maximum air you can breath out.

Residual Volume: amount of air you have left.

Expiratory Reserve Volume: the air you can breath out on top of your regular breath.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume: the air you can breathe in on top of your regular breath.

Procedure:

1. Reset the dial on top of the spirometer to 0L.

2. Using the spirometer and the sterilized mouthpiece, take a very deep breath and exhale forcefully through the mouthpiece. The dial will indicate the volume of air exhaled.

3. Keep your mouthpiece while your partner tests their vital capacity, and then try again.

4. Record results below.

Observations: 

NAME                                     VITAL CAPACITY (L)

Sahil                                                   2800L

Gagan                                                2500L

Identify the female in the class with the greatest vital capacity:

Shimeran                                 Vital Capacity: 3000L

Identify the male in the class with the greatest vital capacity:

Undetermined

Questions:

1. A normal tidal volume is only 500mL because that is the average amount of air inspired during relaxed and regular breathing.

2. The rising amount of CO2 in the blood stream will lower the pH. The medulla oblongata  will sense these changes and increase the ventilation rate.

3. Activities such as cardiovascular endurance increase the amount of CO2 entering the blood stream thus triggering medulla oblongata. 

4. Four factors affecting a persons vital capacity are, their fitness level, height, sex, and body size.

5. When you exercise your lungs need more vital nutrients and in order to provide them with all the required nutrients the lungs expand more so they are able to distribute it all correctly. 

6. If there is no air left in the lungs the lungs become deflated. To prevent the deflation aka a collapsed lung a certain amount of air has to reside in the lungs to fill the space.

Conclusion:
In conclusion there is a lot to learn about vital capacity. It can differ greatly between sexes and fitness levels but with the correct exercise and effort you are able to increase your vital capacity and strengthen your lungs, thus providing yourself with a strong respiratory system!

Lung Inflation & Deflation Lab

The lung inflation and deflation is shown using a balloon, but it is different from the human system because lungs are never hollow unlike balloons and lungs are made with a sponge like and flexible tissue. The model shows a mechanism of breathing because when the diaphragm pulls out the lungs inflate, the same way the balloon did and when the diaphragm goes back to normal the lungs deflate.

Fitness Goal

My fitness goal is to obtain a better beep test score. On average i have ranged between 7-9, but i know i can achieve more since i only end up in zone 2 or 3 after my test. To solve this i need to work towards gaining a better aerobic energy system because i am using anaerobic right now. An app i will use to assist me in achieving my goal is: RunKeeper. It is an app that helps you track your running pace, measure your distance, and helps you with training goals. I will use this app during runs and cardio workouts to help me increase my stamina and help me to do better!

Why Can Whales Hold Their Breath Longer Than Most Mammals?

Whales are mammals, just like humans. Over 50 million years, the ancient creatures spent more and more time in the water, and eventually, stopped coming to land altogether. So they evolved in a way that let them live in the ocean, along with them changing physically they had to change internally. They had to learn to develop specific breathing techniques that allowed them to stay underwater for a long time without them having to constantly come up for air. In one breath, a human body can absorb about 15 percent of the oxygen inhaled. The whale absorbs as much as 90 percent of the oxygen it breathes in. Whales store the excess oxygen in myoglobin, a special protein cell found in muscles. Whales have greater amounts of myoglobin than other animals, allowing them to store larger amounts of oxygen at a time. When a whale dives into the water their heart beats more slowly and some arteries become constricted. This slows the flow of blood to certain organs without decreasing blood pressure and ensures each breath last longer. For example; the sperm whale's respiratory system allows it to hold its breath for 80 to 90 minutes at a stretch. The beaked whale can swim without a breath for as long as two hours. Whereas humans can hold their breaths on average up to a minute. A whales "nostrils" are located at the top of their head and called blowholes. Since they can only breathe at the surface, whales have had to learn how to develop a conscious or voluntary breathing, meaning they choose when they take a breath. So they surface every few minutes to blow out a mixture of water and air and take in a breath of fresh air. Where as humans have the ability to breathe out of their mouths and nose a whale only has one.

Crash Course Video

Crash Course Video
The Respiratory system and the Circulatory system have the ability to work in several different ways. This crash course video has taught me a lot more than i expected to learn, just like the fun fact about animals being able to use simple diffusion, which allows them to take in oxygen without using their lungs but instead their wet membranes. When the heart pumps blood into the lungs it is pumping deoxygenated blood and the circulation makes it oxygenated. After the blood becomes oxygenated it is returned back to the heart and is circulated throughout the body. The circulatory and respiratory system work together by the process of inhaling and exhaling also known as breathing. The respiratory system also has to make sure that the body releases carbon dioxide by preforming gas exchange once oxygen enters the body.

Interim Report

Hi Mom and Dad! This is my interim report for the Human Kinetics Coop.

So far, the highlights for me have been: So far the highlights for me in Human Kinetics CO-OP have been the field trips; I have thoroughly enjoyed the many things we have experienced such as Woo Kim, Grouse Grind, and Rock Climbing!  


I am the most proud of: I am most proud of my participation and improvement in class and super fit. I am proud of the confidence I have and my improvements in super fit, I have surprised myself with what I can do and will do my best to keep it going.


The most interesting things I have learned about are: The most interesting thing I have learned is about the heart. I was really fascinated to learn about how it works and how the blood circulates. 


An example of when I really pushed myself in SuperFit is: I really pushed myself in the extended Beep Test, I ran throughout and didn't give up. 


I could make improvements in: I could make improvements in my beep test score because I know i can go for longer and push myself more.


I am really looking forward to: I am really looking forward to hot yoga coming up. 


Lates (how many & reasons) - I have been late to SuperFit because of running to and from my locker.
Preparedness for class (gym strip &/or supplies) - I am always fully prepared, always have my gym strip and the proper supplies. 


The Basics - WORK HABITS:

Attendance (classes missed and why) - I have not missed a class.

Participation in field trips (woo kim, grouse grind, rock climbing) - I do my best to fully participate in all the field trips, and i have attended them all with a positive attitude. 

Class time management (are you using your class time to complete your work? engaged in class discussion? participating? following along? doing your best? or talking too much? ) - I always complete my classwork on time, and participate fully but i do tend to talk sometimes.

Blog assignment completion - (out of 8 assignments) Comments?
I have completed all my blogs fully.
Self evaluation of work habits for each class in coop - G/S/N

Biology 12: G
Exercise Science 12: G
Super Fit 12: G

Grouse Grind Experience

During the Grouse Grind my body was exposed to all sorts of feelings. I was well beyond my final zone when I arrived at the top. Throughout the grind I experienced that my leg muscles were tiring a lot due to the steepness of the mountain, and that I began to breathe very heavily but I did not feel like I was out of breath or running out of energy. The climb was tough nonetheless it required a lot of power and strength, which to succeed needed to come from your mind because that was the one thing I felt could have stopped me but failed to do so. During the climb I realized that when i kept a steady pace it helped my body to cope with the climb and did not make me want to stop and any point or slow down, but when I started to speed or go faster I felt my body shutting down on me and in a way telling me to keep a specific pace going, and when I did do so it assisted me in time and shortened the breaks. Judging from my experience doing the Grouse Grind the energy system my body was using was the anaerobic glycolysis, because while I was changing speeds I felt that I could only continue for 30 seconds - 2 minutes and it decreased my function, but during my regular movement I experienced the aerobic energy system as my body was enduring a lot while my heart rate was increasing and cellular respiration was present.

VO2 Max

My VO2 Max based upon the result of my beep test score is 40.5 which is an average rating. For upcoming beep tests I will do much better because at the end of my test i was only around zone 2, therefore my body can sustain doing the test for longer and can endure more. 

                                  

Fitness Friday

Beep Test: 8.2
Sit & Reach: 5
Plank: 2 minutes
Push-Ups: 8

Blood Flow Through Body

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHDbYlyg2FE

Heart Dissection

In Biology we dissected a pigs heart. The size of the heart varied between all the groups, some were larger, and some were smaller. The one that my group members and I had was just big enough to comfortably fit into the palm of my hand. It had a semi round shape and a growing point towards the left side because of the Left Ventricle. And if you held it a certain way you could even see the sort of heart shape it had. While holding it in my palms it felt heavier than it was supposed to after rinsing the heart and defrosting the ice it weighed roughly around one to two pounds. The colour on the outside was a reddish-brown and became whiter around the veins. On the inside it was a deep red-brown colour but the arteries and Chordae Tendinae were still a brighter reddish pink colour. The Cordae Tendinae looked like thin pink strings, when looking at them you think that they are wear and easy to break but when you touch or pull on them you realize that they are very strong and sturdy.The AV valves don't look like they seem they are just flaps of flesh but when the heart is whole they are a reliable passage way. The left AV Valve and right AV Valve are approximately the same size. When examining the main chambers and atrium's of the heart you see a difference in size and shape. The Left Ventricle and Right Ventricle believe it or not are the same size but the thicker walls and rounder shape of the left ventricle makes it appear to be bigger. This is because the left ventricle pumps blood to the body and the right ventricle pumps blood to only the lungs. The atrium's are very thin and floppy and act as the passage way for blood to enter, their size is roughly the same. The Pulmonary Trunk is a large blood vessel that prevents the back flow of blood from entering the ventricular chambers, when dissecting the heart if you were to put your finger through the Pulmonary Trunk you would find it being led straight to the atrium, inside the Pulmonary Trunk is a very pink colour it is wide and just slight smaller than the Aorta. The Aorta is the largest artery in the body, and even looks the part. All the blood passed from the heart to the systematic tissues go through the Aorta, the Aorta in this heart had a very large opening and was thick in diameter. 

1. The thing found to be the most surprising was how easy it was to find each part of the heart. I expected that it would be difficult to find all of the parts of the heart because the heart was a pigs so therefore it was smaller, but i was wrong. It turns out that each and every part of the heart is completely visible in its own way!

2. The Atrium's and the Ventricle's differed a lot. The Atrium's were significantly smaller than the Ventricle's because the only jobs the Atrium's have is too collect blood from the veins and deliver the blood to the heart, whereas the Ventricle's must use their squeezing muscle power to pump blood to the arteries above them therefore requiring more strength and power. Ventricle's are structured according to their job they have more muscle, are larger, and is rougher to touch although the Atrium is easier to touch, have less muscle, and are very small.

3. The Left Ventricle is more muscular than the Right Ventricle because the left is responsible for pumping blood to throughout the body whereas the right is only responsible for pumping it to the lungs.

4. As the heart muscle contracts and relaxes, the valves open and shut, letting blood flow into the ventricles and atria at alternate times. When the aortic valve closes and the mitral valve opens, it allows blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle. As the left atrium contracts, more blood flows into the left ventricle. When the left ventricle contracts again, the mitral valve closes and the aortic valve opens, so blood flows into the aorta.The structure of the valves are like flaps, therefore when the heart is whole they attach to form a inlet and makes it easier for the process.